History of HAMAS - 717 Words

HAMAS: In this article regarding HAMAS, I will be writing about their origin, beliefs, failures, successes and how the group transformed from a religious organization to a political one. The group has been fighting for their beliefs for over two decades to an extent that they have become a political organization. Based on the research on the history of HAMAS, the organization took a political dimension from a religious one when it became victorious in the 2006 democratic elections. Consequently, rather than just being a religious organization, HAMAS is considered a political power since it won 76 seats of the 132 member parliament. HAMAS, which is also known as Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya, has a history that can be traced to the 1950s though its origin goes back to 1987 when it was founded as a Muslim brotherhood in Gaza by Sheikh Ahmad. The name of the group is derived from an Arabic acronym for Islamic resistance movement that means zeal, fire, and enthusiasm (HAMAS: History an d Present, 2006). In the 1950s, HAMAS was active in the Gaza Strip where it was largely recognized and gained influence is mosques and every social organization. This continued until the 1980s when it became a powerful political factor and was later founded in 1987. HAMAS basically believes that the land they have been fighting for over the last two decades is theirs. Since its derived from a Muslim brotherhood and unwilling to recognize the right of Israel to exist, the organizationShow MoreRelatedThe History of the Terrorist Group Hamas Essay1185 Words   |  5 PagesEast has brought the Israeli-Palestinian conflict to the attention of the world. These terrorist groups use murder, bombs, threats, and other violent acts to get their way politically. Hamas, the organization that has replaced Fatah as the representative of the Palestinians, is a leading sponsor of terrorism. The Hamas are the leading reason there is not peace in the middle east as they strongly embrace terrorism. This group was created in 1978 and continues to expand its power today. It began asRead MoreHAMAS: A Conventional Terrorist Group? Essay examples1473 Words   |  6 PagesHAMAS, an Arabic acronym meaning â€Å"Islamic Resistance Movement†, is the name of the socio-political organization currently in power over the Gaza Strip. For decades Jews Muslims and Israelis Palestinians, often one in the same, have fought for control over the region. Each have killed thousands of the other, destroyed infrastructures and used underhanded tactics to gain an advantage. Nations such as Japan, the European Union, the United States and (of course) Israel classify the group as terroristsRead MoreHuman Intelligence Operations Targeted Against Hamas Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout history and is different depending on who is conducting it. International laws, brokered agreements, internal laws and policies dictate how human intelligence is collected. By looking at a known adversar y, one can apply a human intelligence mission in order to defeat or negate the enemies’ actions. No region is more suitable for human intelligence missions than Israel and the occupied territories of Palestine. Israeli intelligence and the Israeli military have been battling Hamas for decadesRead MoreAnalysis of the Hamas-Fatah Conflict1066 Words   |  4 PagesHamas-Fatah Conflict: The conflict between Hamas and Fatah lasted for four years despite of several attempts by the two groups to put their differences aside. In addition to being known as the struggle for Palestine, the Hamas vs. Fatah rift led to various concerns on the possibility of having a Palestinian civil war. This is primarily because it was a major struggle that was described as the biggest internal disagreement in Palestinian history. The conflict between Hamas and Fatah is a rift betweenRead MoreTerrorism Paper1425 Words   |  6 PagesIsraeli government and Hamas are one of the many two sides of terrorism and counter-terrorism. Hamas (Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyya) has one primary goal; which is the establishment of an Islamic state in all of Palestine (Hamas, Section #3). In order for them to accomplish this goal, they must declare all-out Jihad against their enemies and they must gain the participation of the entire Islamic community (Hamas, Section #3). The ideological and philosophi cal roots of Hamas can be found within theRead MoreThe Historical Area Of Israel And Palestine1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe history of the geographical area substituting Israel and Palestine is one of war and bloodshed. For nearly three millennia people have been fighting over the ‘Holy Land’ in wars that were religious in their essence. An understanding of the historic background of the area is important to comprehend the present-day reasons for the complexity of the task of conflict resolution. The simplified timeline provided below is an attempt to summarise the most important events. Since the Israelites’ conquestRead MoreStudy of Extreme Islamic Terrorist Groups1858 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the territorial jurisdiction of the U.S.† (Definitions of Terrorism in the U.S.Code, 2013). The National Counterterrorism Center has gathered intelligence on both international and domestic terrorist groups. Based on the intelligence gathered, Hamas, Hizballah, and the Abu Sayyaf Group have been identified by the United States Department of State as Foreign Terrorist Organizations. According to the National Counterterrorism Center, the Foreign Terrorist Organization designation â€Å"play a criticalRead MoreThe Plo As The Palestinian Sovereign1529 Words   |  7 Pagescompensate for the crimes-against-humanity which it has committed over the course of the last several decades. Cemented by the renunciation of violence which the PLO has undertaken, Palestinians can no longer be held accountable for the actions of Hamas and other terrorist groups, and an independent Palestinian state commits to joining the War on Terror righteously fought by Israel and its allies. The Minimal Acceptable Borders of a Palestinian State Beginning with the minimal acceptable bordersRead MoreTuberculosis In Hama705 Words   |  3 PagesThe rate of tuberculosis is increasing according to a medical source from the Syrian city of Hama. In support of this statement, the internal medicine doctor, Kamal Al-Taqi, confirmed the rates are rising, and there have been multiple deaths due to the resistance of the antibiotic treatment. As the evidence shows, these events take place in the both Hama and northern Syrian regions. Throughout the city, numerous deaths of small children and the elderly are caused tuberculosis (International SocietyRead MoreEssay about Islam has Been Hijacked by Terrorism1472 Words   |  6 PagesSeptember 11, history saddled them with a special obligation to speak out in specific and unequivocal terms against terror in any and all its guises, not only for the good of their country but for the good of their faith. nbsp; Like it or not-and no one likes it-Islamic terrorism is a real and distinct phenomenon. Religion is at its heart. The terrorists themselves say so. Even the names of their groups trumpet the connection: Armed Islamic Group; Gamaa al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group); Hamas (an Arabic

Professional Value in Ethics and Islam Free Essays

BUS240: Professional Work Values in Islam Instructor: Dr. Hisham Adam Group Names: Yousef Al Khamis Khalid Al Dabbous Hamad Al Sayegh Mohammad Jamal Professional Work Values Introduction Religion plays an important role in the development of work and professional ethics the world over. All religions, Christianity, Islam, and Hindu among others all inform on work, work values and work ethics in an effort to promote harmony, togetherness, tolerance and hard work. We will write a custom essay sample on Professional Value in Ethics and Islam or any similar topic only for you Order Now They also advocate for such good practices to ensure cooperation in employer employee relations at the work place. Such religious teachings are entrenched and supported by most constitutions around the world. The Quran and its teachings play an important role in the development of a Muslim. The Quran guides the way of life, it gives insight into relations between brothers, kin, employees and their employers, the individual and the state, and the Muslim and non-Muslims. This holy book above all gives insight into life as Allah wished. Discussion The Quran gives life lessons on employees and employers. It gives teachings on values required at the work place; some of these values include trust, humility, loyalty, hard work, fairness, justice, kindness, and charity among others. Trust refers to the belief in the strength of truth coming from a person other than yourself. The workplace is akin to a second home for most people in adulthood. Relations form that either strengthen or destroy this environment. Relations built on trust have a positive impact on the work environment and result in success while relations formed with distrust merely lead to frustration and losses. Trust comes alongside truth. With truth, employees and employers have an easier time working together. The Quran puts truthfulness and honesty as some of the best traits that a professional Muslim should possess. They imply that a true Muslim should be fearful of the almighty and true through his actions and words. It goes ahead to say that faithfulness is directly related to righteousness. In addition to this, all Muslims will be judged and held accountable for their actions whilst on earth. Concerning work and business, it indicates that a good businessperson is one who is honest; hence, he is put in the same category as the prophets. Honesty supersedes respect. An honest boss is one that communicates effectively with his employees and lets them know of the goings in the company. Such an action begets an equivalent reaction from employees hence creating a cordial work relationship between them. All Muslims are supposed to be charitable. Charity here refers to spending what Allah has given an individual usually in the form of resources, monies, energy, talents and possessions for the good of other people. Charity fosters a relationship between man and other men. It also promotes a relationship with the almighty. In modern day, the most common include helping the needy through corporate social relations; avoiding hurting people and helping strangers find their way. Many companies in the world today engage in philanthropic activities, helping the needy, children, the elderly and the poor in fulfillment of their obligation as human beings to Allah. The Quran also advocates for hard work. Hard work for any Muslim is a mandatory exercise. In one of Prophet Mohammed’s quotations, he refers to hard work as an obligation. He goes ahead and explains that it is better for an individual to carry his own firewood than have a friend do it for him. Hard work is linked directly to honesty in which the Quran indicates that it is not moral for one to beg. It directs the Muslims to work and creates a belief that one would receive a better reward for working hard. It asks them to desist from deceiving others, hoarding goods and begging and instead work hard. Dignity and honor are attached to income acquired in a rightful manner whereas sources of unearned monies are revered against; such as betting and playing chance games. Forgiveness is a highly cherished trait for professional Muslims. A Muslim is bound to accept an apology from a fellow Muslim not unless such an apology has been given dishonestly by the one offering it. More often than not, relations are destroyed within the workplace. It is often best to seek forgiveness from a fellow employee than engage in constant battle. Forgiveness ensures cooperation is maintained whereas hatred brings forth inconsistency and outright bias leading to losses. Good conduct to others. This trait requires that an individual wish for the best for his Muslim brother. This is a two-way concept where an individual wishes good tidings for his friends just as he would wish to have done to him. In an employee-employer working environment, many employees do not have a desire to see their friends excel. As a result, many of them work to ensure their friends fail and are fired. Maintaining good conduct towards others ensures cooperation and in turn ensures mutual success. Organisational culture refers to the behavior of human beings as being part of an organisation as well as the meaning that they attach to different actions in that environment. Culture is a combination of several things including norms, values, symbols, beliefs and habits among other things that are shared by a people. Organisational culture is also a pattern of behavioral traits and behavior that is taught to members of an organisation to promote co-existence and harmonious living. Such cultures define the appropriate behavior for different situations and environment. An organisational culture affects the way individuals interact with each other in the organisation, how they interact with the customers and stakeholders and have a role in creating a good or bad image for the organisation. Such Muslim professional values revolve around oneness. They represent a constant need to create a good employee-employee and employee employer working relation that ultimately bring success. The Quran is particular in creating equity among individuals working together. Contemporary organisations are composed of individuals from a wide range of religious backgrounds. Professional ethics as stipulated in the Quran do not only apply to the Muslims but may be used by any other person regardless of his religious inclination. Entrenching such traits into the organisational culture will go forth to create a lasting bond (Mats 2002) among employees characterized by cooperation and trust. In addition, it will withdraw elements of doubt and foster trust among employees for the mutual benefit of the company. Conclusion The Quran gives a huge list of ethical traits that a Muslim ought to possess in his day-to-day life. These traits form the basis of any Muslim life. These traits are universal in that, people regardless of their religious inclination may use them. Their use in modern day organisations to inform on organisational culture is widely acknowledged, and appreciated. Modern day organisations are multicultural and such traits would be great to bridge this cultural gap and bring harmony to the organisation. How to cite Professional Value in Ethics and Islam, Essay examples

Toyota Motor Corporation in Australia-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Critically Analyze the Key Sustainability Aspects of the Organizations Current Supply Chain. Answer: Introduction Automobile industry is perhaps the most challenging and demanding industry. Product innovation, continuous improvement, vehicle prices and fuel prices are the major factors that determine this industry (Iyer, 2009). Over the past decade, the price of fuel has been constantly rising, which has encouraged the adoption of new and other fuel-efficient models. The world is also moving towards more development and thereby increasing per capita income, which at one point has increased the needs of the masses in terms of the product needs, yet, has also raised concerns in the terms of increasing carbon foot print. In their review, Sindi and Roy (2017) reflect that an increase in purchasing power of customers is responsible for making a shift from small to medium sized cars. Easy automobile loans are the main reason for the increase in sales of this industry. Demand is increasing day by day. Toyotas competitors are also increasing day by day and also the entry of new comers in the market is posing problems to Toyota. New entrants always come up with new and innovative products and move the industry in their favour. Consumers are becoming better informed and want to choose the best and innovative product. This puts up a lot of pressure on RD. Meanwhile the company has also enabled a strong growth model and a lean based supply chain model that has contributed towards its accentuated marketing growth and competitive supply chain framework (Palevich, 2012; Toyota, 2016). Over the years, the company has enabled a strong presence for itself in the overseas market, and the same has been evident in the context of Australia as well. However, in the recent times the company has raised concerns over the manufacturing cost and high dollar of the company which has contributed towards the challenge in the manufacturing process of the company (Mahler, 2007; Wallace and Furgusen, 2014). In these challenges, the company contemplates exist from the market much like Ford and Holden, which are affected by the issues in terms of supply chain and manufacturing beyond their control (Wallace and Furgusen, 2014). This in turn raises concerns for the countless stakeholders, employee and general public in terms of sustainability of the operations, notwithstanding the impact of this exit for the organization (Cetinkaya et al. 2011). Through the means of the present review, the state of the supply chain of the company within Australia is evaluated, and suggestions from the academic sources, and models of chain management in other countries for the company are contemplated to provide recommendations for improved stance of the company. Company Background Toyota Motor Corporation was established in 1958 in Australia. Initially, assembly of Toyota vehicles in Australia started taking place at the production plant in Port Melbourne, Victoria. This production line was devoted to the Toyota Tiara. In 1978, a new production plant was established in Altona, Victoria which replaced the old one. In 1986, the first car named Toyota Coronawagon was exported and headed to New Zealand. At this time, Toyota started manufacturing locally. Till 2006, all manufacturing was shifted to Altona (Dunckley, 2014). Toyota was now ready to set a milestone in the automobile industry and launched many vehicles including theToyota Tiara, theToyota Corona, theToyota Crown, theToyota Corolla, the Toyota Camry, theToyota Avalon and theToyota Land Cruiser. In 2010, Toyota Motor Corporation decided to launch a new car to enter in the new and upcoming hybrid industry. It launched Camry Hybridin 2010 after securing a $35 million subsidy from the Federal Government. It was a great hit. Toyota Motor Corporations annual revenue started growing every year since then. The global improvement of Toyota has been evident through the emergence of the manufacturing plants of the company around the world, a representation of the same is made evident in figure 1, where the varied areas for the same are noted. Figure 1: Worldwide manufacturing operations of Toyota Source: Toyota (2006) However, even as these emergence has contributed towards the growth of the plant in the country, it has also paved challenges in the name of the management of the supply chain of the operations based on the consumer needs despite the political, legal, environmental and socio-economic climate of the region involved (Sindi and Roy, 2017; Wallace and Furgusen, 2014). Present challenges In their review, Malihi and Shee (2017) reflect that the choice of the company to operate through the model of the management and sustenance. It is concurred that the assembling was upheld long time for its introduction towards Asia-Pacific inventory network as opposed to internally market advantages and gaining consumer through aggressiveness. Typically these exchange approaches, for example, import duty cut, shares, and substance necessities took after by tax reductions for RD activities support the business to survive (Berns et al 2009). However, in the present case due to the high cost of assembling operations powered by reliable higher household interest for abroad collected little autos the challenges are suddenly more pronounced (Malihi and Shee, 2017). At present we see the surviving examination which features the automobile assembling and supply issues of the company in UK, USA, Japan, and European setting (Toyota, 2016). And it is evident that no exploration however happens in terms of a major change with respect to the import chain particularly in vehicle dispatch system in the Australian setting. Which raise a question as to what impacted the challenges in the supply chain management of the company in the region with respect to an effective 'dispatch lead time' as the restricted time (in days) accessible to first level segment providers who get parts from abroad second level providers and convey them to fitment focus (Jagler and Sarkis, 2015; Iyer, 2009). Through the means of the present analysis it is reflected that an additional difficulties of Toyota is evident in its manufacturing framework where the convenient conveyance of a high quality vehicles to the end clients has to be delivered (Iyer, 2009). This requests an adaptable generation line with MTO approach that can deliver the end product in the country to the consumers in the most limited lead time conceivable (Cetinkaya et al 2011). While, it cannot be denied that the company has succeeded in this light with respect to the JUST IN TIME approach (Toyota, 2016; Malihi and Shee, 2017). However, in these lines there is a need to increase the issues of the first level providers optimization, which seems to be missing in the present plan (The Manufacturing Performance Institute, 2011). It is further noted that while providing the parts in the nick of time to auto constructing agent, Toyota and other auto constructing agents hone JIT standard as it instils a sense of confidence in assembling with zero or negligible in-process stock, abbreviated lead time, and exceptional investment funds in conveying costs (Netland and Powell 2016; Sindi and Roy, 2017). However, considering JIT rehearses inside the auto get together and its conclusion to-end vehicles import store network, there arise a need in the operation to instil confidence in promoting examination of JIT supply along the chain and its related work weight emerging from tight lead time (Jagler and Sarkis, 2015). In the context of Toyota manufacturing framework, Jayaram et al. (2010) examine the effect of lead time on get together cycle time and conveyance execution. Through this reflection it is evident that the tight dispatch lead time with first level providers has been an issue in the Alconn plant considering their area is far from second level abroad providers (Wallace and Furgusen, 2014). It is further noted that in the first place level providers have been encountering hard time while organizing JIT supply with auto constructing agents (Golinska, 2014). Getting the supply from second level abroad providers (for the most part in Asia locale) with the 7Rs, i.e. right item, right client, right amount, right condition, opportune place, ideal time, and right cost becomes a challenging task (Jayaram et al. 2010). In this sense it is further noted that there is a need to remain an unequalled test for the entire chain and to start with level providers in particular (Bartezzaghi et al. 2016). Through the means of this investigation the researcher concentrates on the issue of lead time that is excessively deficient bringing about abnormal state of worry among the supply chain drivers in general, and first tier suppliers in particular for the company supply chain (Mahler, 2007). It is noted that even as more and more researcher have addressed the similarly of these variables in the country, still limited prior examinations have tended to this issue in a comprehensive light with consideration to the environmental analysis, to provide strategic solutions. Current SCM practices of Toyota Huge production capability: Toyota is widespread in the world. It has more than 50 manufacturing units in 27 countries and regions besides Japan. This extensive production capability helps Toyota to boost its revenues. In 2012, the company produced a total of 7,435,781 vehicles across all its manufacturing locations (Toyota, 2013). However, this extensive production puts a lot of pressure in the achievement of dead stock and it diversifies business risk too. Wide Distribution network: Toyotas geographically well distributed network enhances sales. Sales of Toyota rise every year at rate of 2%. In Australia alone, In FY2016, Toyota sold 209,610 units (Dunckley, 2014). Strong market position: Toyota has a strong market position in different geographies across the world. The company's market share for Toyota and Lexus brands, (excluding mini vehicles) in Japan was 45% and including mini vehicles was 29.4% in January 2017. This strong market helps in gaining a very strong market position all over the world (Singh et al. 2007). Strong focus on RD: Toyotas policy to develop new products and bring out latest technologies helped the company to sustain against strong competition. Advanced engineering helped its to move further many steps ahead as compared its competitors (Wright et al. 2009). With the help of its rigorous RD, it improved quality and safety of its automobiles. Toyota is also aiming to make clean cars which are environment friendly. The company performs RD at its 14 facilities worldwide (Hassan, 2012; Singh et al. 2007). Intense Competition: Toyota suffers from intense Competition worldwide. Toyota cars are losing its market because of the hybrid car competitors (Shubhashine 2012). In the context of Australia, even as the competition has decreased still challenges in the face of domestic suppliers has been increases, since as per Singh et al. (2007) poor suppliers relation and cultural challenges continues to impact the supply chain of the company in the country. Growing global automotive industry: The global automotive manufacturing industry grew by 10% in 2016 to reach a value of $1,563.9 billion (Toyota, 2016). The growth of automotive industry provides Toyota an opportunity to gain more customers and increase revenues. Current Sustainability measures Through the means of the present review it is evident that the Toyota as an organization is doing a lot of RD to successfully respond to the needs of the rising middle class in the emerging markets (Bartezzaghi et al. 2016).Through consistent commitment to quality, Toyota has emerged as the most best-selling car of 2016. Its continuous innovation to change design of its automobiles and strong outlook for the new car market has helped it to meet the consumers unique needs. Furthermore, Toyota has grown partnership with BMW in June 2012 and produced many benefits (Toyota, 2016). However, it is noted that at one point it has helped in increasing sales in most of the countries by signing a memorandum which is aimed at long-term strategic collaboration on technological fields. In addition, it has also helped both companies to boost the technological know-how and may result in the development of new clean cars thus increasing revenues in the long run (United Nations Global Compact, 2010). Cost-savings, boosting the operational margins are some other benefits of this kind of partnership (Totyota, 2016). However, it has also altered the stance of the company in terms of the competitive market and internal relations, where Toyota has started making hybrid cars with the launch of Camry hybrid alone, suggestive of the lack of consideration of the consumer perspective in the market (Bartezzaghi et al. 2016). In this sense it is evident that there is a need for the company to face challenges in the light of the first tier supplier relation through the management of the forecast heuristic which enables improvement in the operations (Jayraman et al. 2010; Hassan, 2012). Recommendations Toyota should take measures to cut down its manufacturing cost. It should try to reduce fixed costs of automobiles in its established markets. It should continue to strengthen its management platform and raise corporate value. It must improve its operation management and try to procure dead stock (Bouchery et al. 2016). It must try to enhance its business in Australia through appropriate RD. Proper RD will suffice quality and safety assurance (Berns et al. 2009). It must work to achieve a good quality of its automobiles. Hence, this would help in the increase of the sales and revenue of the company (Johnsen et al. 2015). Toyota should pursue and accelerate the process of making clean cars. Environment- friendly cars are our future (Hussain et al. 2016). Customers are more likely to buy these cars because of the high price of the fuel. Energy saving products and making use of renewable energy while incorporating functions and services demanded by customers will make Toyota to procure new heights. Toyota should consider all its business with a future perspective. It should expand its business by developing more manufacturing plants in Australia. By increasing production facilities in Australia, it will enable Toyota to generate more and more revenue. Toyota should improve its Camry hybrid model and make it more competent to other hybrid cars. This will enable it to become competitive with other hybrid car manufacturers. Toyota must try to optimize its human resource. Toyota should improve the workplace and try to use the power of diversity in the use of human resources, and strive to nurture global human resources (Johnsen et al. 2015). It should try to understand the customer and work for the customer satisfaction. Innovation according to customer is the demand of this industry. The company should enable a forecast heuristic to understand the needs of the consumers and gain an understanding of the past consumption and future trends of the consumers to reduce wastage of the products Focus on establishing dyadic relations in the organization to increase efficiency of the operations in the company. Conclusion Toyota Motor Corporation has a brilliant future overseas. However, in the face of the present challenges the company face public outrage and loss of wellness owing to the abandoning of a market and workforce leaving. It is reflected that the company needs to evaluate their supply chain model to enable a consumer oriented and supplier centric framework. Reference Bartezzaghi, E., Cagliano, R., Caniato, F., Ronchi, S. (Eds.). 2016. A journey through manufacturing and supply chain strategy research. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing Berns, M., A. Townend, Z. Khayat, B. Balagopal, M. Reeves, M. Hopkins, and N. Kruschwitz. 2009. The business of sustainability. MIT Sloan Management Review. Special Report. Available at: https://www.mitsmrezine.com./busofsustainability/2009#pg1 Bouchery, Y., Corbett, T., Fransoo, C and Tan, T. 2016. Sustainable Supply Chains: A Research-Based Textbook on Operations and Strategy. Springer Cetinkaya, M., Cuthbertson, R., Ewer, G., Klaas-Wissing, T., Piotrowicz, W., Tyssen, C. 2011. Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Practical Ideas for Moving Towards Best Practice. Springer Dunckley, M 2014. Toyota confirms exit from Australian manufacturing in 2017". Port Macquarie News. Portnews.com.au. Available at: https://www.theherald.com.au/story/2078487/toyota-confirms-exit-from-australian-manufacturing-in-2017/toyota-to-leave-australia/ Hasan, M. 2012. Sustainable Supply Chain Management Practices and Operational Performance. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management. 3, 42-48. Available at: https://file.scirp.org/pdf/_2013011710305202.pdf Jayaram, J., Das, A., Nicolae, M. 2010. Looking beyond the obvious: Unraveling the Toyota production system. International Journal of Production Economics, 128(1), 280291. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2010.07.024 Jagler, A and Sarkis, J. 2015. The Theory and Practice of Sustainable Supply Chains. Journal Supply Chain Forum: An International Journal. 15:1. Available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/16258312.2014.11517329?journalCode=tscf20 Johnsen, T, Howard, M and Miemczyk, J 2014. Purchasing and Supply Chain Management: A Sustainability Perspective. Routledge Golinska, P. 2014. Logistics Operations, Supply Chain Management and Sustainability. Springer Hussain, M, Mahmood, K and Mian, A. 2016. Green Supply Chain Management for Sustainable Business Practice. IGI Global Mahler, D. 2007. Supply Chain Sustainability. Supply chain management review. 59-60. Available at: https://ww.atkearneypas.com/knowledge/articles/2007/SCMR.spotlight.sustainability.pdf Malihi, K and Shee, H 2017. Strategic vehicles import supply chain: a paradigm shift in Australian automotive industry. Asian Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 22, No. 1, 103130, 2017. Available at: https://web.usm.my/aamj/22012017/aamj22012017_5.pdf Netland, T and Powell, D. 2016. The Routledge Companion to Lean Management. Taylor Francis Palevich, R. 2012. The Lean Sustainable Supply Chain: How to Create a Green Infrastructure with Lean Technologies. FT Press Singh, P.J., Smith, A., Sohal, A.S. (2007). Strategic supply chain management issues in the automotive industry: An Australian perspective. International Journal of Production Research, 43(16), 33753399. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207540500095738 The Manufacturing Performance Institute. 2011. The 2011 Next Generation Manufacturing Study Results. Available at: https://mpi-group.net/services/2011NGMstudy.asp Shubhashine (2012). Toyota case study. Available at: https://www.slideshare.net/subhaprasad79/toyota-case-study-ir Toyota (2017). Website. Available at: www.toyota.com.au/ Toyota (2016). Sustainability report, Available at: https://www.google.co.in/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=5cad=rjauact=8ved=0ahUKEwj38sD_qvnVAhVDv48KHYwhCfcQFgg_MAQurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toyota.com.au%2Ftoyota%2Fsustainability%2Fcms%2F%2Fdownload%2F2016%2Fsustainability-pdfs%2F00_TOY_Sus_Full.pdfusg=AFQjCNFrUEgr4MGNFJdj9v_u4E5x9fvL6g United Nations Global Compact. 2010. Supply Chain Sustainability, A Practical Guide for Continuous Improvement, Available at: https://www.unglobalcompact.org/Issues/supply_chain/guidance_ Wright, J., D. Jones, and S. Hoyle. 2009. The Sustainable Supply Chain, Available at: https://www.accenture.com/us-en/Pages/insight-sustainable-supply-chain-summary.aspx